Glassnode data reveals 30.2% of issued BTC has exposed public keys, posing potential security threats from future quantum attacks.
A total of 6.04 million BTC, valued at approximately $469 billion, have public keys exposed on-chain, representing 30.2% of the total issued supply. This exposure theoretically increases vulnerability to quantum computing attacks in the future.
The exposed supply includes 1.92 million BTC with structural exposure and 4.12 million BTC with operational exposure, primarily due to address reuse. Exchanges hold 1.66 million BTC of the exposed supply, accounting for 8.3% of the total BTC supply and about 40% of operationally unsafe BTC.